[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.triaxx.sk\/penicilin-prve-antibiotikum\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.triaxx.sk\/penicilin-prve-antibiotikum\/","headline":"Penicil\u00edn \u2013prv\u00e9 antibiotikum","name":"Penicil\u00edn \u2013prv\u00e9 antibiotikum","description":"Ako vznikol penicil\u00edn? Bolo to v roku 1928. Alexander Fleming vtedy z\u00edskal funkciu prednostu na … ","datePublished":"2019-05-25","dateModified":"2023-04-28","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.triaxx.sk\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.triaxx.sk\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/53c590fdd1ec24ee297a15a00a0829b5191e9163e4cc5dbbee20ed40fcc30ad9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/53c590fdd1ec24ee297a15a00a0829b5191e9163e4cc5dbbee20ed40fcc30ad9?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"triaxx.sk","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.triaxx.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a302026_w16667_t1560342758.png","url":"https:\/\/www.triaxx.sk\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a302026_w16667_t1560342758.png","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.triaxx.sk\/penicilin-prve-antibiotikum\/","wordCount":380,"articleBody":"Ako vznikol penicil\u00edn? Bolo to v roku 1928. Alexander Fleming vtedy z\u00edskal funkciu prednostu na katedre bakteriol\u00f3gie a imunol\u00f3gie na jednej z Lond\u00fdnskych univerz\u00edt. Pr\u00e1ve v tomto roku objavil zauj\u00edmav\u00fa plese\u0148 s n\u00e1zvom Penicillium notatum, ktor\u00e1 zasiahla vo v\u00fdvoji prv\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho medikamentu. Alexander bol fascinovan\u00fd ples\u0148ami, pod\u013ea jeho priate\u013eov na ne pozeral s ve\u013ekou zvedavos\u0165ou. Dokonca si od nich p\u00fdtal aj plesniv\u00e9 top\u00e1nky. Fleming sa pr\u00e1ve vr\u00e1til z dovolenky, ke\u010f na\u0161iel na svojom stole petriho misku, ktor\u00e1 bola pln\u00e1 plesne. V\u0161imol si, \u017ee bakt\u00e9rie z okolia plesne sa vytratili. Z toho us\u00fadil, \u017ee pre bakt\u00e9riu stafylokok je t\u00e1to plese\u0148 jedovat\u00e1. Po mnoh\u00fdch testoch sa mu podarilo toto potvrdi\u0165 a o rok nesk\u00f4r v roku 1929 nazval toto antibiotikum penicil\u00edn. N\u00e1zov vznikol pod\u013ea v\u0161eobecn\u00e9ho latinsk\u00e9ho pomenovania pre plesne \u2013 Penicillium. Alexander Fleming na\u010fsalej testoval a p\u00e1tral po \u010fal\u0161\u00edch \u00fa\u010dinkoch penicil\u00ednu. Zistil, \u017ee je \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd aj proti infek\u010dn\u00fdm mikr\u00f3bom. Dok\u00e1zal, \u017ee penicil\u00edn nie je jedovat\u00fd pre \u013eud\u00ed a zvierat\u00e1, no na nich to nevysk\u00fa\u0161al. Zistil, \u017ee pri zmie\u0161an\u00ed s krvou antibiotikum nem\u00e1 tak\u00fd \u00fa\u010dinok, ak\u00fd by chcel. Preto sa eanto liek e\u0161te nejak\u00fd ten \u010das v\u00f4bec nepou\u017e\u00edval. Potreboval ho vyvin\u00fa\u0165 v \u010distej forme, a to sa mu nedarilo. Vedec po\u017eiadal aj svojich kolegov a in\u00fdch vedcov o pomoc. Dotiahol to a\u017e austr\u00e1lsky patol\u00f3g Howard Walter Florey, ktor\u00fd v 1935 vo svojich 37 rokoch dostal funkciu riadite\u013ea na Dunn School of Pathology v Oxforde. Pr\u00e1ve tam prijal biochemika Ernesta Borisa Chaina, ktor\u00fd bol \u017did a ukr\u00fdval sa pred nacistami. Dumali nad knihami a nakoniec v roku 1940 nainfikovali osem my\u0161\u00ed streptokokmi. Polovici dali penicil\u00edn a po\u010dkali do r\u00e1na, kedy my\u0161i, ktor\u00e9 nedostali liek umreli a ostatn\u00e9 pre\u017eili. Florey navrhol vysk\u00fa\u0161a\u0165 liek na \u010dloveku a \u017ee bude univerzita t\u00fato l\u00e1tku vyr\u00e1ba\u0165. Jeho prv\u00fd pacient bol na pokraji smrti, pri pod\u00e1van\u00ed lieku bol pacient na\u017eive, no ke\u010f sa minul, zomrel. A tak\u00e1 bola cesta najd\u00f4le\u017eitej\u0161ieho antibiotika na svete.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.8\/5 - (5 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Penicil\u00edn \u2013prv\u00e9 antibiotikum","item":"https:\/\/www.triaxx.sk\/penicilin-prve-antibiotikum\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]